Y16 is primarily used in biochemical research to study cell signaling pathways, particularly those involving the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). It is known for its ability to inhibit ROCK activity, which plays a significant role in regulating cell shape, motility, and contraction. Researchers utilize Y16 to investigate the effects of ROCK inhibition in various cellular processes, such as cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, and vascular smooth muscle contraction. This makes it a valuable tool in understanding diseases like hypertension, cancer metastasis, and neurological disorders, where ROCK signaling is implicated. Additionally, Y16 is often used in combination with other inhibitors to enhance specificity and effectiveness in experimental studies.