Almitrine dimesylate is primarily used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory conditions. It works by stimulating the peripheral chemoreceptors, leading to improved oxygenation in patients with hypoxemia. This makes it particularly beneficial for individuals who experience low blood oxygen levels due to chronic respiratory issues. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential in managing sleep apnea by enhancing respiratory drive during sleep. However, its use is carefully monitored due to potential side effects, including peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal disturbances. It is often prescribed when other treatments are insufficient to maintain adequate oxygen levels.