long been used in traditional medicine and cosmetic applications for its potential skin‐nourishing properties. Its benefits when applied topically are largely attributed to its fatty acid profile and antioxidant content, particularly vitamin E
Peanut oil has long been used in traditional medicine and cosmetic applications for its potential skin‐nourishing properties. Its benefits when applied topically are largely attributed to its fatty acid profile and antioxidant content, particularly vitamin E. Although direct clinical research on peanut oil is less extensive than for some other plant oils, several studies and reviews on the skin benefits of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E support its potential utility. Below is an overview of the topical benefits of peanut oil along with selected research citations.
1. Rich in Essential Fatty Acids
Key Components:
- Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid: Peanut oil is high in both oleic (monounsaturated) and linoleic (polyunsaturated) acids.
- Skin Barrier Support: Linoleic acid, in particular, plays a critical role in maintaining and repairing the skin barrier. An intact barrier helps reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and supports overall skin hydration.
Supporting Evidence:
Studies on oils rich in linoleic acid suggest that such fatty acids can improve barrier function and skin hydration. For example, research has shown that topical application of linoleic acid–rich formulations can help restore barrier integrity in dry or damaged skin (Danby et al., 2011). Although this study did not test peanut oil specifically, its high linoleic acid content supports a similar rationale.
2. Moisturization and Emollient Properties
Key Components:
- Emollient Effect: The fatty acids in peanut oil help to soften the skin and lock in moisture.
- Occlusive Properties: By forming a thin film over the skin, the oil can reduce moisture loss, which is beneficial for dry or sensitive skin.
Supporting Evidence:
While comparative studies on various vegetable oils (including those with similar fatty acid profiles to peanut oil) demonstrate effective skin moisturization, the general mechanism is well documented in dermatological literature. For example, Boelsma et al. (2001) discussed how nutrient-rich oils can correlate with improved skin condition and hydration, supporting the traditional use of such oils in skincare.
3. Antioxidant Effects
Key Components:
- Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Peanut oil naturally contains vitamin E, a potent antioxidant that helps neutralize free radicals.
- Protection Against Oxidative Stress: The antioxidant properties can potentially protect the skin from environmental stressors (e.g., UV radiation and pollution), which are known to accelerate aging.
Supporting Evidence:
Research on vitamin E’s dermatological benefits is extensive. For instance, Ishida et al. (2001) demonstrated that tocopherol acetate (a derivative of vitamin E) could reduce UV-induced skin damage in animal models. Although this study did not examine peanut oil per se, it provides a basis for the protective antioxidant effect expected from vitamin E–rich oils.
4. Anti-Inflammatory Properties
Key Components:
- Soothing Effects: The fatty acids in peanut oil may help reduce inflammation and soothe irritated skin, making it a candidate for use in massage oils and in managing mild skin irritations.
Supporting Evidence:
While direct studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of topical peanut oil are limited, the anti-inflammatory benefits of unsaturated fatty acids have been documented. Reviews on the subject (e.g., Merriman et al., 2008) note that topical antioxidants and fatty acids can mitigate inflammatory responses in the skin.
INCI Name: Arachis hypogaea oil
