Widely used in biochemistry and molecular biology, this chemical is essential for breaking disulfide bonds in proteins, helping to denature and solubilize them. It is commonly applied in sample preparation for SDS-PAGE to ensure complete unfolding of proteins. Frequently included in protein purification buffers to maintain a reducing environment and prevent oxidation of thiol groups. Also used in DNA extraction protocols to protect sulfhydryl-dependent enzymes and in cell culture media to support cell growth under oxidative stress. Its reducing properties make it valuable in stabilizing enzymes and other biomolecules during storage and experimentation.