Used as a reducing agent in water treatment to remove excess chlorine and oxygen from boiler feedwater and industrial systems, helping prevent corrosion. Commonly applied in the pulp and paper industry to preserve fibers during processing and improve brightness. Employed in food processing as a preservative and antimicrobial agent, especially in the production of certain wines and fruit juices. Also utilized in textile manufacturing for bleaching and dyeing operations due to its ability to control oxidation. Its buffering and sulfonation properties make it useful in chemical synthesis and flue gas treatment to reduce sulfur emissions.