Used in immunological research to study inflammation, apoptosis, and immune cell activation. Serves as a reference standard in protein expression studies and ELISA assays due to the His-tag for easy detection and purification. Employed in drug development for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis to evaluate anti-TNF therapies. Supports in vitro and in vivo studies on cytokine signaling pathways and cellular responses. The His-tag facilitates immobilization on nickel-coated surfaces for protein interaction studies.