Used in research to study TGF-β signaling pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The His tag allows for easy purification and detection, making it valuable in protein-protein interaction studies, immunoassays, and structural analysis. Commonly applied in drug development for diseases linked to TGF-β dysregulation, such as fibrosis, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Also used as a capture protein in binding assays to screen potential therapeutic inhibitors or activators.