Used in research to study TGF-β signaling pathways involved in cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation. The Fc tag enables easy detection and purification, making it valuable in protein-protein interaction studies, immunoassays, and binding assays. Commonly applied in drug development for diseases involving dysregulated TGF-β signaling, such as fibrosis, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Also used as a capture protein in ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to measure ligand binding affinity.