Used in immunological research to study T-cell differentiation and interferon-gamma production. Serves as a tool protein in assays evaluating Th1 immune responses. Commonly employed in ELISA, surface plasmon resonance, and receptor binding studies due to the His tag facilitating immobilization and detection. Supports development and validation of antibodies targeting IL-12 pathways. Applied in preclinical studies exploring autoimmune diseases, cancer immunotherapy, and vaccine adjuvants.