Used as a dopant in solid-state lasers for medical and dental applications, particularly in portable X-ray devices and laser surgery tools. Plays a role in high-temperature superconductors and ceramic materials for specialized electronics. Employed in nuclear research as a radiation source and in detection equipment due to its ability to absorb neutrons. Also found in certain types of optical lenses and glass formulations to enhance refractive index and durability. Used in calibration standards for spectrometers because of its distinct emission spectrum.