Used in high-strength permanent magnets, especially in combination with neodymium for applications in wind turbines, electric vehicles, and precision motors due to its ability to enhance magnetic performance at elevated temperatures. Employed in mischmetal alloys for lighter flints because it produces sparks when struck. Added to glass and ceramics to provide yellow, green, or rose-colored pigments; commonly used in protective goggles for welders and glassblowers to filter out infrared radiation. Utilized in fiber optics and as a dopant in fluoride glass lasers. Plays a role in catalytic converters and petroleum cracking catalysts. Also investigated for use in next-generation rechargeable batteries and solid-state devices.