Used in catalysts for petroleum refining, especially in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes to improve gasoline yield and efficiency. Enhances the performance of automotive catalytic converters by stabilizing materials and improving emission control. Employed in high-refractive-index glass for lenses and optical systems, contributing to improved clarity and precision. Found in phosphors for fluorescent and LED lighting, as well as in some medical imaging applications. Used in hydrogen storage alloys and solid oxide fuel cells due to its favorable ion conductivity. Also utilized in the production of specialty alloys and electronic ceramics.