Used in high-performance permanent magnets, especially in neodymium-based magnets (NdFeB), where it enhances coercivity and thermal stability, making them suitable for electric vehicle motors, wind turbine generators, and hard disk drives. Added to control rods in nuclear reactors due to its high neutron absorption capability. Employed in magnetostrictive materials for precision actuators and sensors. Utilized in metal-halide lamps to produce bright, white light for stadium and film lighting. Also found in some laser materials and as a dopant in solid-state devices.