Used as a pigment in ceramics and glass due to its stability at high temperatures and ability to produce yellow to orange hues. It serves as a corrosion-resistant coating in metal surface treatments. Also employed in catalysts for automotive exhaust systems to reduce emissions. Shows potential in solid-state devices as a luminescent material when doped with rare-earth ions. Used in some biomedical applications, such as in ceramic coatings for implants, due to its biocompatibility and wear resistance.