Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of phenanthroline-based ligands for metal-catalyzed reactions, particularly in palladium and copper complexes for cross-coupling reactions. Its functionalized structure allows for selective coordination to metal centers, enhancing catalytic activity and stability. Also employed in the development of luminescent sensors and redox-active materials due to its extended π-conjugated system and electron-accepting properties. Shows potential in electrochemical applications, including molecular electronics and charge-transfer systems.