Used as a redox cycling agent in biochemical assays to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for studying oxidative stress in cells. Commonly applied in research to induce controlled oxidative damage in cellular models, helping investigate antioxidant defense mechanisms and cell signaling pathways related to ROS. Also utilized in electrochemical studies as a mediator due to its reversible electron transfer properties. Shows application in screening compounds for antioxidant activity and in toxicology studies to assess cellular resilience to oxidative injury.