2,4-Dihydroxy-3-nitroquinoline is primarily utilized in the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. It serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various biologically active compounds, particularly those with potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Its structure is often modified to develop novel quinoline derivatives that can target specific enzymes or pathways in disease mechanisms. Additionally, it is explored for its role in the development of fluorescent probes, which are used in biochemical assays to study cellular processes and detect specific molecules. Its nitro and hydroxyl groups make it a versatile building block for creating more complex molecules with tailored functionalities.