(S)-3-Hydroxypyrrolidine is widely used as a chiral building block in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. Its structure is particularly valuable in the development of drugs targeting the central nervous system, such as antipsychotics and antidepressants. The compound is also employed in the production of enzyme inhibitors, where its hydroxyl group and stereochemistry play a critical role in binding efficiency. Additionally, it serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of natural products and bioactive molecules, contributing to advancements in medicinal chemistry. Its applications extend to agrochemicals, where it is used to create more effective and selective pesticides.