2-Amino-4,6-(1H,5H)-pyrimidinedione is primarily utilized in the field of medicinal chemistry as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. It plays a significant role in the development of antiviral and anticancer agents due to its structural similarity to nucleic acid bases, which allows it to interfere with DNA and RNA replication processes. Additionally, this compound is employed in research for designing enzyme inhibitors, particularly those targeting enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism. Its derivatives are also explored for their potential use in treating neurological disorders and as anti-inflammatory agents. In organic synthesis, it serves as a building block for creating complex heterocyclic compounds with diverse biological activities.