Diethyl 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate is primarily used in organic synthesis as a versatile intermediate for the preparation of various heterocyclic compounds. It serves as a key building block in the development of pharmaceuticals, particularly in the synthesis of drugs targeting neurological and cardiovascular diseases. The compound is also employed in the creation of advanced materials, such as ligands for metal coordination complexes, which are utilized in catalysis and material science. Additionally, its derivatives are explored in agrochemical research for the development of novel pesticides and herbicides. Its structural properties make it valuable in designing molecules with specific biological activities.