Ethyl 4-hydroxypicolinate is primarily used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. It plays a key role in the development of drugs targeting neurological disorders, as it can be utilized to create molecules with potential neuroprotective or cognitive-enhancing properties. Additionally, it is employed in the production of agrochemicals, particularly in formulating pesticides and herbicides, due to its ability to modify biological activity. Its structural properties also make it a valuable component in organic synthesis for creating complex chemical structures.