Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, particularly in the development of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Its nitro and hydroxyl functional groups allow for selective reductions and substitutions, making it valuable in constructing complex molecules. Commonly employed in the preparation of pyridine-based ligands and catalysts. Also finds use in research for developing corrosion inhibitors and in the design of functional materials due to its electron-withdrawing properties.