Used as a ligand in coordination chemistry, particularly in the formation of metal complexes for catalytic applications. Its rigid structure and nitrogen donor sites make it effective in stabilizing transition metal ions, enhancing selectivity and efficiency in catalytic reactions such as cross-coupling and oxidation processes. Also employed in the development of luminescent materials and sensors due to its ability to chelate metals with optical activity. Investigated for use in electrochemical devices, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells, and molecular electronics, where its conjugated system supports electron transport.