Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of advanced organic semiconductors and ligands for metal-organic coordination complexes. Its nitrile groups enable further functionalization, making it valuable in creating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and catalytic systems. Commonly employed in photovoltaic materials and luminescent complexes due to its rigid bipyridine backbone, which supports electron delocalization and metal chelation. Also applied in electrochemical sensors and as a building block in conjugated organic polymers for optoelectronic devices.