Used as a high-performance organic ligand in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), enabling the construction of porous materials for gas storage and catalysis. Its extended π-conjugated structure supports electron delocalization, making it valuable in optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and sensors. Also employed in supramolecular chemistry to direct self-assembly through coordination with metal ions, facilitating the design of molecular networks and nanomaterials. Shows promise in photovoltaic systems due to its ability to stabilize charge-transfer states.