Used as a linker in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its multiple binding sites, enabling the formation of porous and stable structures. Its rigid aromatic backbone supports high thermal stability, making it suitable for gas storage, catalysis, and sensing applications. The presence of carboxylic acid groups allows for strong coordination with metal ions, enhancing framework robustness. Also explored in proton-conductive materials for fuel cell membranes owing to its ability to facilitate hydrogen bonding networks.