Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers due to its ability to chelate metal ions through the bipyridine moiety. Its carboxylic acid group enables covalent attachment to surfaces or integration into polymeric structures. Commonly employed in catalysis, particularly in homogeneous systems where bipyridine ligands stabilize transition metal catalysts. Also applied in the development of luminescent sensors and electroactive materials, leveraging its electronic properties for detecting metal ions or small molecules. Shows potential in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic electronics as a building block for functional layers.