Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of bipyridine-based ligands for catalytic applications, particularly in transition metal complexes for cross-coupling reactions. Features pyridine groups for effective metal chelation and ester groups amenable to further reactions, such as hydrolysis to carboxylic acids. Employed in materials science research for the development of organic semiconductors, coordination polymers, and Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) due to its rigid aromatic structure and chelating ability. Also applied in electrochemical systems, including dye-sensitized solar cells and redox-active materials, where derivatization supports electron transport and stability. Commonly used as a difunctional ligand to create ordered structures with unique electronic or optical properties, and in sensors or organic electronic devices.