Used as a multidentate ligand in coordination chemistry, particularly in the design of transition metal complexes for catalytic applications. Its rigid structure and multiple nitrogen donor sites enable strong binding to metals, making it effective in stabilizing reactive intermediates in catalytic cycles. Commonly employed in homogeneous catalysis, such as in C–H activation and cross-coupling reactions. Also explored in supramolecular chemistry for constructing metallo-supramolecular architectures like cages and grids due to its ability to direct specific geometric arrangements around metal centers. Shows potential in photochemical and electrochemical systems where controlled electron transfer is required.