(R)-MG132 is widely used in biochemical and pharmacological research due to its potent proteasome inhibition properties. It is particularly valuable in studies focused on understanding protein degradation pathways, as it effectively blocks the activity of the 26S proteasome, leading to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. This makes it a crucial tool for investigating the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and stress responses. Additionally, (R)-MG132 is employed in cancer research to study the effects of proteasome inhibition on tumor cell survival and proliferation. Its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells has also made it a subject of interest in the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, it is utilized in neuroscience research to explore the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases, where protein aggregation and misfolding play a critical role. Overall, (R)-MG132 serves as a versatile compound for dissecting the complexities of protein homeostasis and its implications in health and disease.