PD150606 is primarily utilized in biochemical and pharmacological research due to its role as a selective inhibitor of calpain, a family of calcium-dependent proteases. Its application is significant in studying cellular processes involving calpain, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Researchers use it to investigate the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases, as calpain activation is implicated in conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Additionally, it aids in exploring ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac and brain tissues, where calpain activity contributes to cellular damage. Its specificity makes it a valuable tool for dissecting calpain-mediated pathways in various disease models.