Desidustat is primarily used in the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It works by inhibiting the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase, which stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). This stabilization promotes the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production, thereby improving hemoglobin levels. It is particularly beneficial for patients who do not respond well to traditional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) or those who require an alternative treatment option. Desidustat offers a promising therapeutic approach to managing anemia in CKD patients, potentially reducing the need for blood transfusions and improving overall quality of life.