ML133 hydrochloride is primarily used in research settings as a potent and selective inhibitor of the two-pore domain potassium channel, TASK-1. This chemical is particularly valuable in studying the physiological roles of TASK-1 channels, which are involved in regulating cellular excitability and maintaining the resting membrane potential in various tissues, including the brain, heart, and smooth muscle. Researchers utilize ML133 hydrochloride to investigate its effects on neuronal activity, cardiac function, and smooth muscle contraction, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets for conditions such as arrhythmias, hypertension, and neurological disorders. Its application in experimental studies helps in understanding the underlying mechanisms of TASK-1 channels and their contribution to disease pathology.