VU591 hydrochloride is primarily utilized in research settings to study the physiological and pathological roles of potassium channels, particularly the Kir7.1 subtype. It acts as a potent and selective inhibitor of Kir7.1 channels, making it a valuable tool for investigating their function in cellular processes. Researchers employ this compound to explore its implications in disorders related to potassium channel dysfunction, such as certain forms of inherited retinal diseases and electrolyte imbalances. Additionally, it aids in understanding the broader mechanisms of potassium channel regulation in various tissues, contributing to the development of potential therapeutic strategies targeting these channels.