Used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of porphyrin-based functional materials, particularly in the development of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Its multiple aldehyde groups enable Schiff base reactions, facilitating the construction of conjugated porous polymers for applications in catalysis, gas sensing, and photodynamic therapy. Also employed in dye-sensitized solar cells and as a photosensitizer in organic semiconductors due to its strong light absorption and tunable electronic properties.