Used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. Also employed in organic semiconductors and photovoltaic devices for its excellent light absorption and electron transfer properties. Acts as a ligand in catalytic systems, especially in oxidation reactions with transition metals. Applied in fluorescence imaging and sensing because of its strong emission and stability under various conditions. Investigated in artificial photosynthesis systems for light harvesting and energy conversion.