Used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment due to its strong absorption in the visible light range and ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Also employed in organic semiconductor materials for photovoltaic cells and light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of its excellent charge transport and light-harvesting properties. Serves as a building block in supramolecular chemistry for constructing functional nanostructures and sensors, particularly for detecting metal ions and small molecules through fluorescence signaling. Its porphyrin core allows integration into catalytic systems for oxidation reactions under mild conditions.