Used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species under light irradiation. Its porphyrin structure allows strong absorption in the visible light range, enhancing efficacy in targeting tumor cells. Also applied in organic semiconductor materials for photovoltaic devices because of its thermal stability and extended π-conjugation system. Serves as a catalyst in oxidation reactions, particularly in mimicking cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. Useful in sensor development for detecting metal ions owing to its selective colorimetric and fluorescent responses.