2-Chloro-1,10-phenanthroline is primarily utilized in coordination chemistry as a versatile ligand for metal complexes. Its ability to form stable complexes with transition metals makes it valuable in catalysis, particularly in oxidation reactions and organic synthesis. The compound is also employed in the development of luminescent materials, where its metal complexes exhibit unique photophysical properties useful in sensors and light-emitting devices. Additionally, it serves as a building block in the synthesis of more complex phenanthroline derivatives for research in biochemistry and material science. Its applications extend to studying DNA interactions and enzyme inhibition, contributing to advancements in medicinal chemistry.