Used as a multidentate ligand in coordination chemistry, particularly in the formation of metal-organic frameworks and supramolecular complexes. Its rigid aromatic core and three phenanthroline units enable strong binding to transition metals, making it valuable in catalysis, luminescent materials, and sensor design. Frequently employed in studies involving photoinduced electron transfer and molecular recognition due to its ability to stabilize metal ions in specific geometries. Also applied in the development of electrochemical sensors and DNA-binding probes owing to its intercalating properties and redox activity.