Used as a chelating agent in coordination chemistry, particularly for metal ions like iron, copper, and ruthenium. It plays a key role in redox indicators and spectrophotometric analysis due to its ability to form colored complexes. Commonly applied in analytical chemistry for the detection and quantification of metal traces. Also utilized in the synthesis of catalysts and in photochemical studies, especially in systems involving electron transfer processes. Its rigid aromatic structure makes it suitable for designing sensors and molecular devices.