Used as a chelating agent in coordination chemistry, particularly for transition metals like iron, copper, and ruthenium. Its carboxylic acid group allows for easy functionalization or attachment to surfaces, making it useful in sensor development and catalysis. Commonly employed in electrochemical assays and luminescent probes due to its ability to enhance metal-centered luminescence. Also applied in biochemical studies as a component in metalloenzyme inhibitors or DNA cleavage agents when complexed with redox-active metals. Its derivatives are explored in photodynamic therapy and solar energy conversion systems.