Used as a versatile ligand in coordination chemistry, particularly in the formation of metal-organic frameworks and supramolecular complexes. Its structure allows for strong binding with transition metals, making it valuable in catalysis, especially in reactions like oxidation and C–H activation. Also employed in the development of luminescent materials and sensors due to its ability to enhance photophysical properties when coordinated with metal ions. Commonly applied in the design of molecular devices, including molecular wires and switches, and plays a role in dye-sensitized solar cells and electrochemical sensors for detecting metal ions or small molecules.