Used as a chelating ligand in coordination chemistry, particularly in the formation of metal complexes for catalytic applications. Its rigid aromatic structure and carboxylic acid groups allow it to stabilize transition metals in various oxidation states, making it useful in catalysis and sensor design. Employed in the development of luminescent metal complexes for use in optical devices and bioimaging. Also applied in electrochemical systems, including as a component in redox-active materials for fuel cells and sensors due to its electron-transfer properties. The hydrate form supports solubility and crystal engineering in solid-state chemistry.