Used as a ligand in coordination chemistry, particularly in the formation of metal complexes with transition metals such as copper, iron, and ruthenium. Its primary application lies in catalysis, where it helps stabilize active metal centers in oxidation and reduction reactions. It is also employed in the development of luminescent compounds and sensors due to its ability to enhance the photophysical properties of metal ions. In bioinorganic chemistry, it serves as a structural analog of 1,10-phenanthroline to study metal ion binding in enzymes and DNA cleavage agents. Additionally, it finds use in electrochemical systems, including molecular electronics and redox-active materials.