Used as a water-soluble azo initiator in polymerization reactions, particularly in the synthesis of specialty polymers where controlled radical generation is required. Effective in emulsion and solution polymerizations due to its solubility and consistent decomposition at moderate temperatures. Commonly applied in the production of hydrogels, functional coatings, and biocompatible polymers. Also utilized in biochemical studies as a source of free radicals for protein labeling and modification. Stable under acidic conditions, making it suitable for reactions requiring low pH environments.