Used as a water-soluble azo initiator in polymerization reactions, particularly in the synthesis of functional polymers and copolymers under mild conditions. It is effective in emulsion, suspension, and solution polymerizations where controlled radical generation is required. Due to its ability to decompose at relatively low temperatures, it is suitable for heat-sensitive monomers and biomedical applications. Commonly employed in the production of hydrogels, drug delivery systems, and specialty coatings where precise molecular weight and narrow polydispersity are important. Also used in research settings for grafting reactions and surface modification of materials.