Used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions, particularly in the production of polyamides and epoxy resins. Enhances curing processes and improves thermal stability of the final products. Also employed in pharmaceutical synthesis as a starting material for piperazine-based compounds, important in medications for psychiatric conditions such as antipsychotics and antidepressants. Serves as a buffering agent due to its mild basic properties, aiding in pH adjustment and stability of formulations in tablets or liquids. Its hydrate form contributes to moisture control in solid dosage forms. Used in biochemical research to control solution environments in protein and enzyme analysis. Additionally, finds use in water treatment systems to inhibit corrosion by regulating pH in closed-loop cooling systems.