Used as a reactive polymer in coatings and adhesives due to its ability to form complexes with metals and acids. Acts as a precursor for quaternization reactions, enabling antimicrobial surface treatments. Employed in membranes for fuel cells, where it enhances proton conductivity when functionalized. Serves as a stabilizer and dispersant in nanoparticle synthesis, particularly for catalysts. Also utilized in controlled release systems and sensors owing to its pH-responsive behavior.