Nicotianamine is primarily involved in the regulation of metal ion homeostasis in plants, especially in the transport and distribution of iron. It acts as a key chelator, binding to iron and other micronutrients like zinc and copper, facilitating their movement through the phloem to various plant tissues. This role is crucial in preventing iron deficiency, particularly in alkaline soils where iron availability is low.

Due to its strong affinity for metal ions, nicotianamine has potential applications in biofortification strategies—enhancing the nutritional value of crops by increasing iron and zinc content in edible parts, such as grains and seeds. This can help combat micronutrient malnutrition in human populations.

It also shows promise in improving plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by modulating metal uptake and reducing toxicity. In biotechnology, manipulating nicotianamine levels through genetic engineering has led to crops with improved iron mobility and better growth under nutrient-limited conditions.

Additionally, research is exploring its antioxidant properties and possible roles in human health, including iron metabolism support and protection against oxidative stress.